从进取到企业的谬误

警卫旗队

Enterprise，是西洋国家命名舰船、航天器等常用的名字，取其意为进取。依据美国海军战舰词典释义，该名称取其勇敢、活力、以及在具体事务中的创意（Boldness, energy, and invention in practical affairs）。我实在是想不出是那个压根不懂海军历史的蹩脚三流翻译捧着一本英汉字典，将这么富含创造力想象力的名称给翻译成冷冰冰的名词：企业。这就像Cambridge，这个词里压根就没有剑的意思，唯一能和剑沾点边的就是Cam的读音类似于两广、福建的方言“剑”的读音，当年哪个南方人翻译的时候用广普或闽普给创造出来的词，正所谓剑桥无剑，康桥不康。就这么以讹传讹，居然给固定下来了。

附1：美国美国海军战舰词典关于Enterprise的释义

DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN NAVAL FIGHTING SHIPS, Vol. II (1963), p. 355.

                            Enterprise
Boldness, energy, and invention in practical affairs.

The first Enterprise, a British supply sloop, was captured 18 May 1775 at St. Johns, Quebec, Canada, by Col B. Arnold, named Enterprise, and armed for use on Lake Champlain.

On 28 August 1775, Enterprise and other vessels embarked more than 1000 troops as part of an expedition against St. Johns, Montreal, and Quebec. Though St. Johns and Montreal were captured, and Quebec was besieged, the arrival of strong British reinforcements forced the Americans to withdraw from Canada in the spring of 1776. Enterprise and the other craft sailed to Isle aux Noix in the Richelieu River where they waited while Arnold directed the building of a fleet at Ticonderoga and Skenesborough (Whitehall), and the British-built ships at St. Johns.

The battle was finally joined on 11 October 1776 at Valcour Island, near Plattsburg, N.Y. Arnold chose the site and deployed to await the British advance. Though markedly inferior in firepower, Arnold's fleet fought a valiant and effective action all day long, then slipped through the British line after dark. A running battle took place over the next 2 days, and resulted in the loss of all but five of the American ships. Enterprise and four others escaped to Crown Point, then sailed on to Ticonderoga. A tactical defeat, Valcour Island was nevertheless a great strategic victory for the Americans. Arnold and his little fleet so disrupted the British invasion into New York that it was nearly a year before the advance could be renewed. In that interval American troops were recruited an trained, and on 17 October 1777, under General Horatio Gates, defeated the British decisively at Saratoga, N.Y. This victory was a primary factor in bringing about the alliance with France, and bringing the powerful French navy to the aid of the Colonies.

During the British advance prior to the Battle of Saratoga, Enterprise was one of the five vessels assigned to duty convoying bateaux in the evacuation of Ticonderoga. The small American force was no match for the British fleet on Lake Champlain, and after two ships had been captured, Enterprise and the other two were run aground on 7 July 1777, and burned to prevent their capture.

Transcribed by David R. Wells


附2：部分使用  Enterprise 作为名称的舰船、航空航天器侧视图

douglas02

加农兄说的不错，这个词可以翻译成多种意思，下面是一段引用：
进取号（Enterprise或Enterprize）是一个在欧美历史上经常出现的军事或非军事武器命名。 “Enterprise”这个字原本就拥有多种解释，例如商业上的一种事业体组合称为“企业”，但也可代表一种美德（武德），是“进取”、“勇往直前”之意。依据美国海军字典[1]，船舰称“Enterprise”取其“勇敢、活跃、及在实际事务上之创意”之意（Boldness, energy, and invention in practical affairs）。然因Enterprise一字之多重意义，在中文中此名称的翻译方式有多种不同的版本，除了较常见到的“企业号”之外，也常见到“进取号”、“勇往号”、“奋进号”这样的称呼方式。

由于“进取号”这名称多次出现在法国、英国与美国的海军舰艇上并且广受欢迎，因此同样的命名也被经常性地使用在虚构的事物上，例如电影或电视系列剧中的各式战舰、飞船等。
由于我开始喜好的是现代ws所以比较倾向于“企业”这个翻译，但是“进取”这个译法似乎更合理。
引文连接：http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E8%99%9F

douglas02

话说回来翻译上以讹传讹，流传的广了就成约定俗成了，米国的航天飞机也被译为“奋进”而广为流传。其实翻译成“企业”的基本上就是两条米国CV，也是名气最大的，其他的Enterprise被叫做企业不免有拉大旗作虎皮之疑。别说两重语言之间的翻译，但看中国的诗经（只是当时的小调而已）“执子之手，与子偕老”怎就被人理解成了过日子了，不过执子之手，将子拖走倒还沾边

njoook

看完LZ的大论才知道原来是这样一回事，坦白的说我开始也不知道

警卫旗队

最让我不可思议的是几百年前以来就被老祖宗叫做汉城的那鬼地方，也没发生政变改国号，怎的就被一帮媚棒子的东西给篡改成了兽儿了，不过我这样翻译倒是很贴合棒子国的来历：其不是人类的后代

douglas02

兽儿，哈哈，太贴切了。不过宣布这个事情的是李明博，而且汉城的罗马字貌似也是SEOUL，应该是汉字在前，然后再翻译成的罗马字，看来这个翻译应该拖野

罗老罗嗦

非常赞同加农兄做事严谨的太度!可别把"轴承"给翻译成"子弹"这样事再发生喽!(取自电影<黑炮事件>中一情节)![wgwgsg]:L

douglas02

怎么说呢，翻译这个东西本来很多时候就是一个专业性很强的东西，国内翻译专业文章都是按字个数收钱的，而且还翻译的乱七八糟。在比如老外学习中文觉得难也就是因为同音不同意，同音不同形的太多；黑炮事件里面的那个笑话杜撰的痕迹比较重，如果真要有人那么翻译纯属脑子被驴踢了。不过被驴踢了的还真有，原来单位里有韩语翻译，就把“供应商”翻译成“液体”，在座各位面面相觑，后来问到为何这么说，答曰顺嘴，后传为笑谈、广为流传。
说回来，人家的翻译也不能说错，一个好的企业不也是需要向上、努力、奋进、进取的么？一个船那么多人(三教九流，五行八作）一起共同努力不也像一个企业么？呵呵，这么说可能有点牵强，怎么说也就是达到了信达雅之20%吧，已成事实还是将错就错为好，不必过分苛求，要是真的把CVN65叫成“奋进”估计多一半人一下反应不过来地，就像海尔法和地狱火（Hellfire）那个好。以后多注意避免就是了，即使错了也就是算作史海量浪花吧